Building your own firearm can be a rewarding experience, offering a level of customization and understanding unavailable with commercially produced guns. However, the legal landscape surrounding gun build kits, particularly those that bypass the need for a Federal Firearms License (FFL) holder, is complex and varies significantly by state. This guide aims to clarify the regulations and considerations involved in purchasing and assembling firearms from parts kits. Crucially, we emphasize that all federal, state, and local laws must be meticulously followed. This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.
Understanding the "80% Lower" and Other Build Kits
The most common method of building a firearm without an FFL involves purchasing an "80% lower" receiver. This is a partially machined receiver that requires significant further work to become a functional firearm part. The "80%" designation refers to the percentage of machining completed at the time of sale. These lowers are often sold as "receivers in the white" and require milling, drilling, and other modifications to become functional components of a firearm.
Other build kits exist, encompassing various components like barrels, stocks, and other parts. The legality of these kits also depends on your location and the specific components included. Some kits include more pre-assembled parts, potentially blurring the line between a "build" and a simple assembly.
Legal Considerations: State and Federal Laws
The legal status of building firearms from parts kits depends heavily on your state and local regulations. Federal law primarily focuses on the finished firearm, requiring background checks and registration in many instances. However, the regulation of unfinished receivers and parts kits is less defined at the federal level.
This is where state laws become critical. Some states have strict regulations on the sale and possession of unfinished receivers, requiring background checks, serial numbers, or even outright bans. Others may have more permissive laws, but even in these states, it's essential to understand the specific regulations.
Key legal areas to research in your state include:
- Definition of a "Firearm": Each state defines "firearm" differently. Understand whether your state considers an 80% lower a firearm before purchasing or assembling it.
- Background checks: Even if the initial purchase of parts doesn't require a background check, the completed firearm might.
- Registration requirements: Some states require the registration of homemade firearms.
- Restrictions on specific types of firearms: Certain types of firearms, like automatic weapons, are heavily restricted nationwide.
Responsible Gun Ownership and Safety
Regardless of the legal framework, responsible gun ownership and safety are paramount. Building a firearm involves working with potentially dangerous tools and materials. Improper handling can lead to injury or death. Before undertaking any gun-building project, ensure you have the necessary skills, tools, and safety knowledge. Seek training from qualified professionals if needed.
Furthermore, ensure that you understand and adhere to all applicable gun safety rules and regulations. Safe storage and responsible handling are crucial to preventing accidents.
Finding Reliable Information
Navigating the complex legal landscape of gun build kits requires thorough research. Consult your state's attorney general's office or other relevant legal resources for the most accurate and up-to-date information. Don't rely solely on online forums or anecdotal evidence.
Remember, the information provided here is for educational purposes only. This article does not constitute legal advice, and you should always seek the counsel of a legal professional to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Building a firearm carries significant legal and safety responsibilities. Proceed with caution and prioritize safety and legal compliance.
