Choosing the right shotgun ammunition depends heavily on the intended target and hunting situation. Understanding shotgun shot sizes is crucial for ethical and successful hunting. This guide provides a detailed comparison of various shot sizes, helping you make informed decisions based on your needs.
Understanding Shotgun Shot Size Numbering
It's counterintuitive, but the smaller the number, the larger the shot size. A #10 shot is much smaller than a #000 buckshot. This seemingly backward system can be confusing for beginners, but understanding the size and pellet weight is key. The chart below will help clarify.
Shotgun Shot Size Chart: A Detailed Breakdown
The following table summarizes the common shotgun shot sizes, their typical uses, and pellet characteristics:
| Shot Size | Diameter (Inches) | Pellets per Ounce | Typical Uses | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #10 | 0.05 | ~1500 | Small birds (e.g., doves, quail) at close range | Extremely small, limited range and lethality |
| #9 | 0.06 | ~1000 | Small birds (e.g., doves, quail) | Better range than #10 |
| #8 | 0.07 | ~600 | Small birds, rabbits, squirrels at close to medium range | Suitable for smaller game birds and varmints |
| #7 1/2 | 0.08 | ~400 | Small birds, rabbits, squirrels at medium range | A popular all-around size for upland game |
| #7 | 0.09 | ~300 | Rabbits, squirrels, upland game birds at medium range | Good balance of range and lethality |
| #6 | 0.11 | ~200 | Rabbits, squirrels, upland game birds at medium to long range | Effective for larger game at closer ranges |
| #4 | 0.13 | ~135 | Ducks, geese, larger upland game birds, rabbits at medium to long range | Versatile choice for waterfowl and upland game |
| #2 | 0.15 | ~80 | Ducks, geese, larger upland game birds at longer ranges | Heavy shot with significant stopping power |
| #1 | 0.18 | ~50 | Geese, large game birds | Powerful shot for large waterfowl at long distances |
| 00 | 0.21 | ~30 | Geese, turkeys, large waterfowl | Very effective for large game, considerable range |
| 000 | 0.23 | ~20 | Geese, turkeys, large waterfowl | Highest stopping power in shot sizes; often preferred for turkey hunting |
| 0000 (Buckshot) | 0.25 - 0.33 | 10-12 | Deer, dangerous game | Very high stopping power and larger diameter pellets. Usually limited to shorter ranges |
Note: The number of pellets per ounce can vary slightly depending on the manufacturer.
Factors to Consider Beyond Shot Size
While shot size is paramount, other factors significantly influence the effectiveness of your ammunition:
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Choke: The choke of your shotgun barrel dramatically affects shot pattern density and range. A tighter choke constricts the shot pattern, increasing range and density but decreasing pattern spread. A wider choke spreads the shot, increasing the effective area covered but reducing range.
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Shot Velocity: Faster shot velocities increase range and penetration.
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Shot Load: The amount of shot in the shell affects both the effective range and pattern density. Heavier loads generally increase the range and the number of pellets impacting the target.
Choosing the Right Shot Size: A Practical Guide
- Small Game (Doves, Quail): #8, #7 1/2, or #7
- Upland Game (Rabbits, Squirrels): #6, #4, or #7 1/2
- Waterfowl (Ducks, Geese): #4, #2, 00, or 000
- Turkey: 00, 000, or specialized turkey loads with larger shot sizes.
- Deer (Shotgun): Buckshot (000, 0000) – This requires specialized shotguns and ammunition.
Understanding these factors allows you to select the optimal ammunition for a given hunting situation, maximizing your chances of success while ensuring ethical hunting practices. Always consult your state’s hunting regulations for legal shot sizes and limits.
