The Colt 1851 Navy revolver, a legendary firearm of the American Old West, gained even more notoriety with the introduction of conversion cylinders. These ingenious devices allowed owners to adapt their percussion revolvers to fire the more powerful and readily available metallic cartridges of the era, extending the lifespan and utility of these iconic weapons. This article delves into the fascinating history, mechanics, and modern relevance of the Colt 1851 Navy conversion cylinder.
The Rise of the Metallic Cartridge and the Need for Conversion
The mid-1800s witnessed a significant shift in firearms technology with the advent of self-contained metallic cartridges. These cartridges, unlike the loose powder and ball system used in percussion revolvers, offered faster loading, greater reliability, and improved accuracy. The Colt 1851 Navy, while a highly successful percussion revolver, faced obsolescence as metallic cartridges gained popularity. This is where the conversion cylinder stepped in, bridging the gap between the old and the new.
Understanding the Mechanics of the Conversion Cylinder
A conversion cylinder wasn't simply a replacement; it was a sophisticated modification. It retained the original cylinder's external dimensions to fit the frame of the 1851 Navy. However, internally, it featured chambers bored to accept metallic cartridges, typically .22 Short, .22 Long, or .36 caliber rounds (though variations exist). The conversion cylinder required careful machining and fitting to ensure proper alignment and function, hence their value among collectors today.
Identifying Authentic Colt 1851 Conversion Cylinders
Determining authenticity is crucial when dealing with antique firearms and their accessories. Several factors help distinguish genuine conversion cylinders from reproductions:
Markings and Manufacturers:
- Original manufacturers: Look for markings indicating the maker, often found on the cylinder itself. Identifying the original manufacturer can significantly impact the value and authenticity. Many companies produced conversion cylinders, each with its own style of marking.
- Colt markings: While Colt itself produced some conversion cylinders, many were manufactured by other companies. Be wary of any claiming to be an original Colt product without verifiable documentation.
Materials and Construction:
- Metal composition: The material used in the cylinder's construction, along with its finish, can provide clues to its age and origin. Careful examination can reveal the type of steel or other metal used.
- Fit and finish: A well-made conversion cylinder should display precision machining and a smooth, consistent finish. Rough edges or inconsistencies might suggest a reproduction.
Condition and Wear:
- Overall condition: The wear patterns on the cylinder should match the wear on the rest of the revolver if it's an original matching set. Unusual wear could indicate replacement or modification.
The Colt 1851 Conversion Cylinder in the Modern World
While primarily a historical artifact, the Colt 1851 Navy conversion cylinder holds a place in the modern collector's and shooter's world.
Collecting and Preservation:
Authentic conversion cylinders are highly sought-after by collectors, adding significant value to a Colt 1851 Navy. Their rarity and historical significance make them prized possessions.
Modern Use (With Cautions):
With proper safety precautions and an understanding of the firearm's limitations, some enthusiasts use their Colt 1851s with conversion cylinders for shooting .22 caliber cartridges. It's important to emphasize the need for expert gunsmithing before attempting any use. Improper use can lead to damage or injury.
Conclusion: A Piece of History
The Colt 1851 Navy conversion cylinder stands as a testament to human ingenuity and adaptation. It represents a fascinating chapter in firearms history, bridging the gap between percussion and cartridge technology. Whether viewed as a historical artifact or a functional component, the conversion cylinder adds another layer to the legacy of the iconic Colt 1851 Navy revolver. Remember always to prioritize safety and consult with experienced firearms professionals before handling or firing antique firearms.
