Building your own AR-15 can be a rewarding experience, allowing for customization and a deep understanding of your firearm. However, navigating the legal landscape is crucial. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the legal aspects and steps involved in legally constructing an AR-15 in the United States. Disclaimer: Laws regarding firearms vary significantly by state and even locality. This information is for general guidance only and does not constitute legal advice. Always check your state and local laws before beginning any firearm project.
Understanding Federal and State Laws
The core of AR-15 legality hinges on federal and state regulations. Federally, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) classifies AR-15s as "rifles" under the Gun Control Act of 1968. This means they are subject to various regulations, including background checks for purchases of parts and complete firearms.
Key Federal Regulations to Consider:
- National Firearms Act (NFA): Specific components, such as short-barreled rifles (SBRs) and suppressors, fall under the NFA and require registration and tax stamps. These are outside the scope of a standard AR-15 build.
- Background Checks: Purchasing firearm parts from licensed dealers typically requires a background check. This depends on the specific state and the individual seller.
- Import Restrictions: Certain parts might be subject to import restrictions. Always verify the legality of any imported components.
State-Specific Regulations: This is where things become complex. Individual states have widely varying laws concerning AR-15s and their components. Some states have outright bans, others have restrictions on specific features (like magazine capacity), and some have relatively permissive laws. Researching your specific state's laws is paramount before starting any build.
The AR-15 Build Process: A Legal Perspective
The process of building an AR-15 generally involves assembling various parts. While the build itself is not inherently illegal, the acquisition of those parts can be subject to regulations.
Legal Considerations During the Build:
- Purchasing Parts: Source your parts from licensed dealers whenever possible. This ensures compliance with background check requirements and helps avoid acquiring parts that might be illegal in your jurisdiction.
- Assembled vs. Kit Builds: Purchasing a complete lower receiver (the serialized part) is usually subject to background checks. Building from a kit can sometimes circumvent this, depending on local regulations. This is an area that requires careful legal interpretation based on your state's laws.
- Record Keeping: Maintain records of where and when you purchased your parts. This can be essential for demonstrating compliance if questioned by authorities.
Staying Compliant: Best Practices
- Thorough Research: Before purchasing any parts, conduct thorough research to ensure they are legal in your state. Check your state's attorney general's website or consult a legal professional specializing in firearms law for clarification.
- Compliance with Laws: Always follow all federal, state, and local laws regarding firearms ownership and assembly.
- Safe Storage: Properly store your firearm and components securely to prevent unauthorized access.
- Responsible Ownership: Practice safe firearm handling and responsible gun ownership at all times.
Building an AR-15 requires careful attention to legal details. This guide provides a framework for understanding the legal considerations, but it's crucial to supplement this information with specific research tailored to your location. Ignorance of the law is not a defense. Always prioritize compliance with all applicable regulations. Consult legal counsel specializing in firearms law if you have any doubts or uncertainties about the legality of your build.
