The .45-70 Government cartridge, a venerable round with a rich history, continues to be a favorite among handloaders. Its versatility, power, and suitability for a range of applications—from hunting large game to target shooting—make it a compelling choice. This guide delves into the specifics of reloading .45-70 Government ammunition, providing essential data and crucial considerations for safe and effective handloading.
Understanding the .45-70 Government Cartridge
Before diving into reloading data, understanding the cartridge's characteristics is paramount. The .45-70 Government is a large-bore, rimmed cartridge known for its substantial recoil and impressive stopping power. Its relatively slow twist rate means it's best suited to heavier bullets, typically ranging from 300 to 500 grains. The rimmed design requires careful attention during reloading to ensure proper case alignment in the chamber.
Key Considerations for Reloading .45-70 Government
Several factors significantly impact the success and safety of reloading .45-70 Government ammunition. These include:
1. Case Preparation:
Proper case preparation is crucial for consistent performance and safety. This includes:
- Case Sizing: Using the correct sizing die is essential to ensure proper chambering. Over-sizing can lead to excessive headspace, potentially resulting in dangerous pressure increases. Under-sizing can cause difficult extraction.
- Deburring: Carefully deburr the case mouths and flash holes to prevent bullet damage or inconsistent crimping.
- Primer Pocket Cleaning: Clean primer pockets thoroughly to remove any residue that might interfere with primer seating.
2. Bullet Selection:
Bullet selection significantly impacts the ballistic performance of your .45-70 Government ammunition. Consider the following:
- Bullet Weight: Heavier bullets (400-500 grains) are generally preferred for hunting applications, while lighter bullets (300-400 grains) may be suitable for target shooting.
- Bullet Type: Various bullet types, including round nose, flat nose, and jacketed hollow points, offer different ballistic characteristics.
- Bullet Material: Lead, jacketed lead, and full metal jacket (FMJ) bullets are commonly used in .45-70 Government. Each material has unique properties affecting accuracy and performance.
3. Powder Selection:
Choosing the right powder is critical for safe and accurate reloading. Several powders are suitable for the .45-70 Government, but it's crucial to consult a reputable reloading manual for specific data. Factors to consider include:
- Burn Rate: The powder's burn rate should be appropriate for the bullet weight and case capacity.
- Powder Type: Different powder types (e.g., single-base, double-base) exhibit varying burn characteristics.
- Volume: Accurately measuring the powder charge is vital. Using a powder scale is essential to ensure consistent loads.
4. Primer Selection:
While less impactful than powder selection, choosing the correct primer is essential for reliable ignition. Large rifle magnum primers are generally recommended for the .45-70 Government due to its substantial case volume.
5. Crimping:
Proper crimping secures the bullet and ensures consistent bullet seating depth. Excessive crimping can damage the bullet or case.
Obtaining Reloading Data
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for general guidance only. Never rely solely on online information for reloading data. Always consult a reputable reloading manual specifically designed for the .45-70 Government cartridge and the components you are using. Improper reloading can lead to serious injury or damage to your firearm. Always prioritize safety.
Reputable Sources for Reloading Data:
Several manufacturers publish comprehensive reloading manuals. These manuals provide detailed data on various powder types, bullet weights, and other critical parameters. These are essential resources for any serious handloader.
Conclusion
Reloading .45-70 Government ammunition can be a rewarding experience, allowing you to customize your ammunition for specific applications. However, it requires careful attention to detail and a thorough understanding of the reloading process. Always prioritize safety and consult reputable sources for accurate and safe reloading data. Remember, proper preparation and adherence to established guidelines are crucial for successful and safe reloading.
